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Cabinet Cards
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The cabinet card shares many features and characteristics with the carte de visite. At first, the styles of cabinet cards followed those of the carted de visite. Then as the popularity of the cabinet card rose, it began to dictate style to the waning carte de visite.
The earliest cabinet portraits, introduced in 1866, were a larger version of the plain Bristol board carte de visite stock with the usual gilt borders. There has not been as much research on the cabinet card styles as on the carte de visite styles, therefore they may be more difficult to assess. But like the CdV, the an approximate date for a cabinet image should be obtainable through an understanding of it's features.
Gallery operators replenished their supply of card stock about every six months and card manufacturers encouraged this demand by brining out a new line of decorative cards each year. Because of this constant change, a card mount offers the best clue to when a cabinet image was made. The styles of later cartes de visite of known date should be used as a guide to dating the cabinet card. The CdV styles in all likelihood tracked somewhat behind those introduced for cabinet stock each year. Note that dating the mount does not necessarily date the image. The photographer may have been using up old card stock.
Many photographers advertised their copying services. The outline of a daguerreotype frame can be seen in some carte de visite copies. The complexity of imprint is another factor in dating a card. Early on, imprints were simply one or tow lines giving the name and location of the photographer. Later imprints show a great variety and richness of ornamentation. Trends in imprint styles can help approximate a date. The size of portrait and pose are also keys to arriving at a more precise date.
The presence or a U. S. Internal Revenue stamp can date the image to the period 1 Aug 1864 to 1 Aug 1866 (roughly the end of the American Civil War to the introduction of the cabinet card) Many other details can help to date a photograph, such as accessories, costume and fashion or landmarks. Cabinet cards styles followed those of the carte de visite right after their introduction in 1866 for portraits, usually a plain Bristol board card with the double gold lines for a border.
Later, cabinet styles would become more ornate and as the carte de visite waned, the cabinet card would set the style for the carte. Therefore, cabinet card styles can be used to approximate a date for an unknown cabinet card. So far, the following table is best recommendation for dating a cabinet card image other than the general statement that cabinet styles can be coordinated with carte styles.
The card stock or decoration can only date the card, not the image. Often copies were made of an older image. A subscriber to my PhotoGen list had a cabinet card that dated to the 1890s by card style, but the gentleman pictured was clearly in 1840s costume. The conclusion we came to was that this was a copy of an old ambrotype or daguerreotype image.
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